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European Pharmaceutical Contractor

Testing for Biosecurity Vaccines

Naturally occurring infectious diseases are a devastating phenomenon. Today, however, there is a new threat: infectious diseases could be used intentionally as weapons of bioterrorism. Advances in science and information dissemination have meant that developing infectious diseases in this way may also not be restricted to nation states alone. Biological weapons can be developed and used by a wide range of groups. As Steve Bowman, a specialist in national defence, stated in a report to US Congress, "Worldwide, the likelihood of terrorists being capable of producing or obtaining weapons of mass destruction may be growing due to looser controls of stockpiles and technology in the former Soviet states specifically, and the broader dissemination of related technology and information in general (1)". In the report, he goes on to discuss concerns about the 'clear trend among terrorists to inflict greater numbers of casualties.'

Governments around the world are taking steps to protect their populations against this threat. One starting point is vaccines, as these are recognised as one of the most effective ways to protect people from infectious diseases.

Smallpox - A Case Study

Smallpox was one of the most devastating diseases known to mankind. Over the centuries, it has killed more people than any other infectious disease, including 300 million in the last Century. Regular vaccination programmes throughout developed countries in the middle decades of the 20th Century meant that, by the 1960s, smallpox was persistently circulating only within specific areas of the world. This enabled the World Health Organization (WHO) to launch a worldwide campaign to eradicate smallpox by vaccination in 1967.


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By Nicolas Higgins, Chief Business Officer at Acambis

Nicolas Higgins is Chief Business Officer at Acambis, a biotechnology company developing vaccines against infectious diseases. He holds a BSc in Biochemistry, an MSc in Biochemical Engineering and an MSc in Management of Intellectual Property.

He joined Acambis in 1994 with responsibility for managing its intellectual property, became Licensing Director in 1996 and was appointed to his current position in 1997. He previously worked for Unilever, PA Consulting Group and Porton International.

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