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European Pharmaceutical Contractor
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The recent withdrawal of cerivastatin, an effective and clinically popular HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, highlights the perils of drug-drug interactions that afflict many drugs during their routine clinical use. Cerivastatin was first approved in the USA and the European Union in the middle of 1997 but on 8th August 2001, after a market life of just over four years, Bayer Pharmaceuticals announced that, with immediate effect, they were withdrawing the drug from the markets worldwide. Following post-marketing experience, a major safety-led change was introduced in December 1999 to contraindicate the concurrent administration of cerivastatin and gemfibrozil. However, by August 2001, clinical use of cerivastatin was associated with 31 fatalities due to rhabdomyolysis in the USA. In 12 (39%) of these, cerivastatin was coadministered with gemfibrozil.
Cerivastatin represents the most recent example in a long list of many valuable drugs that have been lost because of their drug interaction potential. Other drugs withdrawn from the market since 1993 due to clinically significant drug interactions observed during their routine clinical use, are shown in Table 1.
Many factors may interact with a drug to alter its disposition or a patient's response to it. These include age, gender, diet, social habits (for example consumption of tobacco or alcohol), physical activity and pathophysiologic states (for example co-morbidity, menstruation). By far the most important factor, however, is the coadministration of another drug resulting in a drug-drug interaction. This brief review is concerned with only the drug-drug interactions.
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