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Pharmaceutical Manufacturing and Packing Sourcer
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The inhalation of liquid droplets has been studied and developed since the mid 1840s when Charriere in France constructed the first liquid pulverisation device (nebuliser) for Sales-Girons. This triggered the development of smaller and more convenient table top jet nebuliser devices. In the early 20th Century these were adapted into hand-held, glass blown devices powered by a rubber 'herons' ball operated by the user. In the mid 1940s small electrical compressors were becoming more available and in the early 1960s the plastic jet nebuliser was developed. At the same time the development of ultrasonic nebulisers took place. During the mid 1990s hand-held and battery-operated ultrasonic nebulisers were marketed, such as the Omron NE-U03.
Simultaneously scientists and companies were developing and exploring novel technologies for liquid drug delivery. These technologies have been directed to replace and reduce current conventional jet and ultrasonic nebulisers' therapy and treatment time, which is often between five and 10 minutes. Recent focus has been on competing with pMDI and DPI therapy where the treatment consists of one or more inhalations. To date, there have been few devices marketed in the conventional jet and ultrasonic segment, only Omron and Aerogen have presented devices built on non conventional jet and ultrasonic technology (Omron's NE-U14, NE-U22 and NE-U03 and Aerogen has lately marketed their AeroNeb® and AeroNeb pro®). The only device competing with the pMDI/DPI segment that has been approved but not yet marketed is Boehringer Ingelheim's Respimat® softmist inhaler. This device is approved in the Netherlands but not marketed yet. It is probably awaiting EC mutual recognition before its European launch.
This article will give an overview of the current novel liquid inhalation technologies from a technical point of view and focus on technologies that are similar to the pMDIs and DPIs in their function. It will include a review of nine companies working with novel technologies for single inhalation liquid administration and three with potential technologies that can be used in this area.
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